Indigenous Ecological Knowledge

Indigenous Ecological Knowledge (IEK)

 Indigenous people of Turtle Island (North America) have been living on this land for time immemorial. Over the past 1000’s of years our people have developed and grown with the landscape. They lived off of the land, and their lifestyles were influenced by seasons, topography, wildlife populations, and crop availability. To live life off the land, without current day conveniences such as grocery stores and houses, Indigenous people had to use what they had around them. This kind of information relied on the people to live amongst the land and understand these resources and natural processes at all times. These lifelong and communal experiences eventually become stronger as they get passed down through the generations. 

In today’s world, we know the topic of ecology is a branch of science that is the;

“study of the relationships between living organisms, including humans, and their physical environment; it seeks to understand the vital connections between plants and animals and the world around them. Ecology also provides information about the benefits of ecosystems and how we can use Earth’s resources in ways that leave the environment healthy for future generations.” (The Ecological Society of America. 2022)

Ecology is learned and studied in professional settings with guidelines, timelines, limitations and data collection for the purpose of understanding. These results are very useful in certain situations but do not always capture a full picture. There has been many scenarios where the implementation of restoration projects developed through science and ecological studies have failed. These failed projects may sometimes correlate to a lack of long-term understanding. To get long-term generational knowledge ecologists have now turned to Indigenous communities to share local information to grasp a better understanding of the natural world.

What is Indigenous Ecological Knowledge?

Indigenous Ecological Knowledge (IEK) or sometimes known as Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) is first-hand, life-long, or passed down stories, patterns, relationships, lifestyles, and experience with the natural world. 

This knowledge has and still comes from intimate relationships, rather than observing from the outside. IEK does not involve a planned and organized study. It is in fact lived, not studied. 

To fully understand Mother Earth we need to start incorporating scientific data and Indigenous Ecological Knowledge together. This combination of science and Indigenous is sometimes referred to “Two-eyed Seeing”. At the Anishinaabek Land Trust, we use both science and IEK when conducting studies and providing information. 



American Eel - Pimizi (Anishinaabemowin) (Anguilla rostrata)

In Ontario and many other locations, American Eel populations have declined dramatically resulting in this fish species to be extirpated from the region. The decline in previous populations were due to over-harvesting and dams that blocked migration.

The American Eel is a global icon and recognized internationally because of its' life history. This fish spawns in the Sargasso Sea and makes its way to the fresh waters of North America and Greenland until it reaches sexual maturity. Only females migrate as far as Ontario.

Historically, the American Eel was present in only the cool waters of the Ottawa and St. Lawrence rivers, Lake Ontario and their tributaries. In 1829, the Welland Canal was built allowing for the American Eel to access the rest of the Great Lakes and their tributaries. Since then it has disappeared affecting Anishinaabe people that once relied on this fish.

Learn about the significance of the decline of the American Eel in this short video created by The Land Between Charity.